Biomaterials for Corneal Repair and Regeneration
Anvay Patil
Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019
Khyati Gohil
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019
Keywords: Corneal Regeneration, Tissue Engineering, Biomimetic, Scaffolds, Keratoprostheses, Biomaterials.
Abstract
Cornea is one of the most vital entities with the major task of bolstering the refractive power of the eye. However it is highly prone to damage and wounds because of various physiological and operative reasons. Thus attempts have been made to accelerate the healing process of the wounded cornea. In this review paper, various mechanisms and systems have been put forth that shed some light on corneal regeneration and tissue engineering. Scaling from the conventional methods of transplantation to the biomimetic activity of various scaffolds (hydrogels, films etc.), alternative techniques have been discussed to counter the problems encountered during keratoprostheses and keratoplasty. With the introduction of biomaterials to corneal healing, tissue engineering has reached its next level of sustainability and efficiency. The combination of cells and biomaterials shows a promising future with regards to the potential for treating damaged corneas.Downloads
References
Ahearne, M., K. K. Liu, A. J. El Haj, K. Y. Then, S. Rauz and Y. Yang (2010). "Online monitoring of the mechanical behavior of collagen hydrogels: influence of corneal fibroblasts on elastic modulus." Tissue Eng Part C Methods 16(2): 319-327.
Ahn, J. I., L. Kuffova, K. Merrett, D. Mitra, J. V. Forrester, F. Li and M. Griffith (2013). "Crosslinked collagen hydrogels as corneal implants: effects of sterically bulky vs. non-bulky carbodiimides as crosslinkers." Acta Biomater 9(8): 7796-7805.
Beems, E. M. and J. A. Van Best (1990). "Light transmission of the cornea in whole human eyes." Exp Eye Res 50(4): 393-395.
Bhatia, S. S. (2006). "Ocular surface sealants and adhesives." Ocul Surf 4(3): 146-154.
Builles, N., H. Janin-Manificat, M. Malbouyres, V. Justin, M. R. Rovere, G. Pellegrini, J. Torbet, D. J. Hulmes, C. Burillon, O. Damour and F. Ruggiero (2010). "Use of magnetically oriented orthogonal collagen scaffolds for hemi-corneal reconstruction and regeneration." Biomaterials 31(32): 8313-8322.
Cao, Y., C. Zhang, W. Shen, Z. Cheng, L. L. Yu and Q. Ping (2007). "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-chitosan as thermosensitive in situ gel-forming system for ocular drug delivery." J Control Release 120(3): 186-194.
Chirila, T. V. (2001). "An overview of the development of artificial corneas with porous skirts and the use of PHEMA for such an application." Biomaterials 22(24): 3311-3317.
Cui, H., M. J. Webber and S. I. Stupp (2010). "Self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles: from molecules to nanostructures to biomaterials." Biopolymers 94(1): 1-18.
Dash, R., M. Foston and A. J. Ragauskas (2013). "Improving the mechanical and thermal properties of gelatin hydrogels cross-linked by cellulose nanowhiskers." Carbohydr Polym 91(2): 638-645.
DelMonte, D. W. and T. Kim (2011). "Anatomy and physiology of the cornea." J Cataract Refract Surg 37(3): 588-598.
Deshpande, P., C. Ramachandran, F. Sefat, I. Mariappan, C. Johnson, R. McKean, M. Hannah, V. S. Sangwan, F. Claeyssens, A. J. Ryan and S. MacNeil (2013). "Simplifying corneal surface regeneration using a biodegradable synthetic membrane and limbal tissue explants." Biomaterials 34(21): 5088-5106.
Dohlman, C. H. and M. G. Doane (1994). "Some Factors Influencing Outcome After Keratoprosthesis Surgery." Cornea 13(3): 214-218.
Elisseeff, J., M. G. Madrid, Q. Lu, J. J. Chae and Q. Guo (2013). "Future Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology." Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology 20(1): 38-45.
Frantz, C., K. M. Stewart and V. M. Weaver (2010). "The extracellular matrix at a glance." J Cell Sci 123(Pt 24): 4195-4200.
Goda, T., J. Watanabe, M. Takai and K. Ishihara (2006). "Water structure and improved mechanical properties of phospholipid polymer hydrogel with phosphorylcholine centered intermolecular cross-linker." Polymer 47(4): 1390-1396.
Gouveia, R. M., V. Castelletto, S. G. Alcock, I. W. Hamley and C. J. Connon (2013). "Bioactive films produced from self-assembling peptide amphiphiles as versatile substrates for tuning cell adhesion and tissue architecture in serum-free conditions." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 1(44): 6157-6169.
Grinstaff, M. W. (2007). "Designing hydrogel adhesives for corneal wound repair." Biomaterials 28(35): 5205-5214.
Hago, E.-E. and X. Li (2013). "Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels Based on Gelatin and PVA by Biocompatible Approaches: Synthesis and Characterization." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013: 8.
Hayashida, Y., K. Nishida, M. Yamato, K. Watanabe, N. Maeda, H. Watanabe, A. Kikuchi, T. Okano and Y. Tano (2005). "Ocular surface reconstruction using autologous rabbit oral mucosal epithelial sheets fabricated ex vivo on a temperature-responsive culture surface." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(5): 1632-1639.
Hicks, C. R., J. H. Fitton, T. V. Chirila, G. J. Crawford and I. J. Constable (1997). "Keratoprostheses: advancing toward a true artificial cornea." Surv Ophthalmol 42(2): 175-189.
Hori, K., C. Sotozono, J. Hamuro, K. Yamasaki, Y. Kimura, M. Ozeki, Y. Tabata and S. Kinoshita (2007). "Controlled-release of epidermal growth factor from cationized gelatin hydrogel enhances corneal epithelial wound healing." J Control Release 118(2): 169-176.
Ishino, Y., Y. Sano, T. Nakamura, C. J. Connon, H. Rigby, N. J. Fullwood and S. Kinoshita (2004). "Amniotic membrane as a carrier for cultivated human corneal endothelial cell transplantation." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(3): 800-806.
Lai, J.-Y. and G.-H. Hsiue (2007). "Functional biomedical polymers for corneal regenerative medicine." Reactive and Functional Polymers 67(11): 1284-1291.
Lai, J. Y., P. L. Lu, K. H. Chen, Y. Tabata and G. H. Hsiue (2006). "Effect of charge and molecular weight on the functionality of gelatin carriers for corneal endothelial cell therapy." Biomacromolecules 7(6): 1836-1844.
Lawrence, B. D., J. K. Marchant, M. Pindrus, F. Omenetto and D. L. Kaplan (2009). "Silk film biomaterials for cornea tissue engineering." Biomaterials 30(7): 1299-1308.
Lee, C. H., A. Singla and Y. Lee (2001). "Biomedical applications of collagen." Int J Pharm 221(1-2): 1-22.
Li, F., M. Griffith, Z. Li, S. Tanodekaew, H. Sheardown, M. Hakim and D. J. Carlsson (2005). "Recruitment of multiple cell lines by collagen-synthetic copolymer matrices in corneal regeneration." Biomaterials 26(16): 3093-3104.
Liu, J., B. D. Lawrence, A. Liu, I. R. Schwab, L. A. Oliveira and M. I. Rosenblatt (2012). "Silk fibroin as a biomaterial substrate for corneal epithelial cell sheet generation." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53(7): 4130-4138.
Liu, W., C. Deng, C. R. McLaughlin, P. Fagerholm, N. S. Lagali, B. Heyne, J. C. Scaiano, M. A. Watsky, Y. Kato, R. Munger, N. Shinozaki, F. Li and M. Griffith (2009). "Collagen-phosphorylcholine interpenetrating network hydrogels as corneal substitutes." Biomaterials 30(8): 1551-1559.
Liu, W., K. Merrett, M. Griffith, P. Fagerholm, S. Dravida, B. Heyne, J. C. Scaiano, M. A. Watsky, N. Shinozaki, N. Lagali, R. Munger and F. Li (2008). "Recombinant human collagen for tissue engineered corneal substitutes." Biomaterials 29(9): 1147-1158.
Liu, Y., L. Ren and Y. Wang (2013). "Crosslinked collagen-gelatin-hyaluronic acid biomimetic film for cornea tissue engineering applications." Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 33(1): 196-201.
Mimura, T., S. Yamagami and S. Amano (2013). "Corneal endothelial regeneration and tissue engineering." Prog Retin Eye Res 35: 1-17.
Mimura, T., S. Yamagami, S. Yokoo, T. Usui, K. Tanaka, S. Hattori, S. Irie, K. Miyata, M. Araie and S. Amano (2004). "Cultured human corneal endothelial cell transplantation with a collagen sheet in a rabbit model." Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(9): 2992-2997.
Nishida, K., M. Yamato, Y. Hayashida, K. Watanabe, K. Yamamoto, E. Adachi, S. Nagai, A. Kikuchi, N. Maeda, H. Watanabe, T. Okano and Y. Tano (2004). "Corneal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed of autologous oral mucosal epithelium." N Engl J Med 351(12): 1187-1196.
Niu, G., J. S. Choi, Z. Wang, A. Skardal, M. Giegengack and S. Soker (2014). "Heparin-modified gelatin scaffolds for human corneal endothelial cell transplantation." Biomaterials 35(13): 4005-4014.
Ozcelik, B., K. D. Brown, A. Blencowe, M. Daniell, G. W. Stevens and G. G. Qiao (2013). "Ultrathin chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel films for corneal tissue engineering." Acta Biomater 9(5): 6594-6605.
Parenteau-Bareil, R., R. Gauvin and F. Berthod (2010). "Collagen-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications." Materials 3(3): 1863-1887.
Patel, S., J. Marshall and F. W. Fitzke, 3rd (1995). "Refractive index of the human corneal epithelium and stroma." J Refract Surg 11(2): 100-105.
Rieck, P., L. Oliver, K. Engelmann, G. Fuhrmann, C. Hartmann and Y. Courtois (1995). "The role of exogenous/endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta-1) on human corneal endothelial cells proliferation in vitro." Exp Cell Res 220(1): 36-46.
Ruberti, J. W., A. S. Roy and C. J. Roberts (2011). "Corneal biomechanics and biomaterials." Annu Rev Biomed Eng 13: 269-295.
Said, D. G., M. Nubile, T. Alomar, A. Hopkinson, T. Gray, J. Lowe and H. S. Dua (2009). "Histologic features of transplanted amniotic membrane: implications for corneal wound healing." Ophthalmology 116(7): 1287-1295.
Shahinian, L., Jr. and S. I. Brown (1977). "Postoperative complications with protruding monofilament nylon sutures." Am J Ophthalmol 83(4): 546-548.
Tsai, I. L., C. C. Hsu, K. H. Hung, C. W. Chang and Y. H. Cheng (2014). "Applications of biomaterials in corneal wound healing." J Chin Med Assoc.
Tsai, R. J., L. M. Li and J. K. Chen (2000). "Reconstruction of damaged corneas by transplantation of autologous limbal epithelial cells." N Engl J Med 343(2): 86-93.
Uzunalli, G., Z. Soran, T. S. Erkal, Y. S. Dagdas, E. Dinc, A. M. Hondur, K. Bilgihan, B. Aydin, M. O. Guler and A. B. Tekinay (2014). "Bioactive self-assembled peptide nanofibers for corneal stroma regeneration." Acta Biomater 10(3): 1156-1166s.
van Wachem, P. B., J. A. Plantinga, M. J. Wissink, R. Beernink, A. A. Poot, G. H. Engbers, T. Beugeling, W. G. van Aken, J. Feijen and M. J. van Luyn (2001). "In vivo biocompatibility of carbodiimide-crosslinked collagen matrices: Effects of crosslink density, heparin immobilization, and bFGF loading." J Biomed Mater Res 55(3): 368-378.
Watanabe, R., R. Hayashi, Y. Kimura, Y. Tanaka, T. Kageyama, S. Hara, Y. Tabata and K. Nishida (2011). "A novel gelatin hydrogel carrier sheet for corneal endothelial transplantation." Tissue Eng Part A 17(17-18): 2213-2219.
Webster, R. G., Jr., H. H. Slansky, M. F. Refojo, S. A. Boruchoff and C. H. Dohlman (1968). "The use of adhesive for the closure of corneal perforations. Report of two cases." Arch Ophthalmol 80(6): 705-709.
Whitcher, J. P., M. Srinivasan and M. P. Upadhyay (2001). "Corneal blindness: a global perspective." Bull World Health Organ 79(3): 214-221.
Wright, B., S. Mi and C. J. Connon (2013). "Towards the use of hydrogels in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency." Drug Discov Today 18(1-2): 79-86.
Yamato, M. and T. Okano (2004). "Cell sheet engineering." Materials today 7(5): 42-47.
Yang, J., M. Yamato, C. Kohno, A. Nishimoto, H. Sekine, F. Fukai and T. Okano (2005). "Cell sheet engineering: recreating tissues without biodegradable scaffolds." Biomaterials 26(33): 6415-6422.
