Published
2024-05-02
Section
Review Article
How to Cite
The Role of CCUS in a Low-Carbon Future: A Critical Review
Mohit Gedam
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36664/bt/2023/v70i1/173202
Keywords: Carbon capture, CO<sub>2</sub> utilization, CO<sub>2</sub> storage, climate change mitigation, carbon neutrality
Abstract
With global CO2 emissions continuing to rise, driving concerning rates of climate change, carbon capture,
utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have attracted renewed interest for their potential to reduce
atmospheric greenhouse gas levels. This review provides a wide-ranging overview of current and emerging
approaches to CCUS. Fundamental concepts in CCUS, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustion
capture, oxyfuel combustion, and CO2 mineralization are discussed. The spectrum of technologies available for
transporting, utilizing, and storing captured CO2 is then explored. The use of pipelines, ships, rail, and trucks for
moving compressed or liquefied CO2 has been examined for transportation. Potential utilization options include
enhanced oil recovery, fuel synthesis, microbial conversion, and mineral carbonation. Analysis of geological
sequestration in saline aquifers and depleted oil/gas reservoirs, ocean storage, and mineral carbonation has
been done for storing CO2. The maturity level, costs, scalability, and technical feasibility of different CCUS
technologies have been outlined. Critical challenges highlighted include the energy-intensive nature of current
capture processes, infrastructure needs for transport and storage, and costs. This review synthesizes current
technical knowledge on CCUS to identify the most promising approaches to reducing atmospheric CO2 levels
cost-effectively. It is then concluded by identifying critical research priorities, including improving capture
efficiency, developing robust storage site assessments, monitoring technology, using captured CO2 for sustainable
products, and accelerating adoption through policy incentives. If global multi-disciplinary efforts are taken, CCUS
can play a significant role in achieving carbon-neutral energy systems worldwide. This review provides a
framework for understanding the current state of CCUS that can guide researchers and policymakers in
advancing the deployment of CCUS technologies to areas where they hold the most potential to combat climate
change.
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